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Her entire childhood while she would be her authentic self she was left, leaving her to doubt her worthiness. Throughout the book, Reyna appeared to struggle to be herself. this expresses how Reyna and her siblings have learned to fear being left behind. She felt it was necessary to cling onto an abusive, traumatic relationship because the only other alternative was feeling abandoned, rejected, and betrayed. Reyna was the last to leave, continuing in her father’s house until he tells her she was no longer welcome. Reyna and her siblings became paralyzed by their learned fear of abandonment and remained in a miserable situation with Papi until they each, independently, reach their breaking points. Despite how outstanding they behaved or performed in school, there was always a lack of acknowledgment from their father.

As a result of the constant reminder that he brought them to the U.S, they trembled to not making Papi proud. Through the betrayals and abandonment, she developed discomfort in letting people down, particularly to her father. He makes cruel commands of them and maintaining them to foolishly high expectations in exchange for allowing them to live in the United States. Papi is not loving, kind, and understanding, however fairly vicious and violent. Reyna and her siblings face a new kind of betrayal: the betrayal of realizing that their father is not the man they imagined him to be. Many years of abuse from their Abuela Evila was an immediate result of their mother's abandonment that resulted in strengthening their feelings of abandonment, contained feelings of resentment towards their mother that also has unseen effects throughout the rest of their lives.Ĭonsequently, when in Los Angeles with their father and wife, Mila. Their fear is a result of their father’s abandonment, which is, a former experience that has left its lasting imprint on Reyna and her family. As a result, Reyna and her siblings cling to their mother even when she goes out on short walks around the neighborhood, always afraid that she will leave them.

This wasn’t the first time this had occurred in their lives, their father has already been gone for years. At first, we read of her initial abandonment and betrayal that Reyna and her siblings experience when their Mama departs from Iguala to the United States.